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Abiko	Akashi	Akita
Amagasaki	Aomori	Arai
Asahikawa	Ashiya	Asuka
Atsugi	Beppu	Chiba
Chichibu	Chino	Ebina
Fuji	Fujinomiya	Fujisawa
Fukui	Fukuoka	Fukushima
Fukuyama	Hachinohe	Hakodate
Hakone	Hakuba	Hamamatsu
Hanamaki	Hekinan	Higashi-Hiroshima
Higashikawa	Hikone	Himeji
Hirakata	Hirata	Hiratsuka
Hiroshima	Hitachinaka	Horai
Ikoma	Iwatsuki	Izumo
Kadoma	Kamakura	Kamiiso
Kanagi	Kanazawa	Kariya
Kashihara	Kashiwa	Kasugai
Kawachinagano	Kawasaki	Kitakyushu
Kitami	Kitamoto	Kobe
Kofu	Kugino Village	Kumamoto
Kurashiki	Kurume	Kushiro
Kyoto	Matsudo	Matsue
Matsumoto	Matsushima	Matsuyama
Minami-ashigara	Misawa	Mishima
Mito	Miyajima	Miyako
Miyazaki	Morioka	Nagakute
Nagano	Nagaoka	Nagasaki
Nagoya	Nanae	Nanao
Nara	Narita	Nigata
Niigata	Nikko	Noda
Nonoichi	Numazu	Obihiro
Odawara	Ohno	Oita
Okayama	Okazaki	Omiya
Omura	Osaka	Oshino
Otaru	Otsu	Ryuou
Sadako	Sagamihara	Sakai
Sakaide	Sakura	Sanjo
Sano	Sapporo	Sasebo
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Shobu	Suita	Tajima
Takamatsu	Takaoka	Tamagawa
Tatsunokuchi	Tawaramoto-cho	Tendo
Toba	Tochigi	Tokyo
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Toyohashi	Tsukuba	Tsuruma
Urawa	Urayasu	Utsunomiya
Wajima	Wakamatsu	Wakayama
Yamagata	Yamaguchi	Yamato
Yasato	Yashio	Yobuko
Yoichi	Yokohama	Yokosuka
Yono	Yuki	Zama

» Basic Design Principles Part 2

Basic Design Principles Part 2 by: Kelly Paal

Tone and Texture

This specifically applies to drawings more than photography, but tone and texture are very important. Tone refers to shading of light and dark on an object and texture is the visual and tactile surface characteristics of an object.

Here’s a list of things that affect the tone and texture of an objects appearance.

1. The direction from which the light is coming. (Left, right, above, behind, or below.)

2. The intensity of the light. (Candlelight or sunlight.)

3. The type of light (Light from the setting sun or flash.)

4. Objects standing between the light source and your subject or object. (Light passing through a thin fabric.)

5. The color and texture of the object. (A fuzzy blanket looks a lot different than a piece of granite.)

Light and Shade

Light always travels in a straight line and depending on the location of the light the object or subject can look dramatically different. To understand this principle get a roll of film a light source, a lamp, an object or a family member. Take a series of photos of your subject start with the light source at twelve o’clock take each successive photo moving the light source to each position on the clock. When you look at your photos you will be amazed at how different your subject looks in each image. This exercise is great for anyone wanting to understand how light changes the look of a subject.

Shade

Shade or shadow and more commonly known as contrast is the degree of difference between the light and dark areas. An image with very black blacks and very light whites has high contrast. An image that is mostly shades of gray has low contrast. Contrast is determined by the intensity of the light source. Adjusting the contrast can help you create a very realistic image or a fantastic one.

If you have some specific questions please visit my Photography and Design Forum at: http://kellypaalphotography.com/v-web/bulletin/bb/index.php and post your question there.

About The Author

Kelly Paal is a Freelance Nature and Landscape Photographer, exhibiting nationally and internationally. She owns her own business Kelly Paal Photography (www.kellypaalphotography.com). She has an educational background in photography, business, and commercial art. She enjoys applying graphic design and photography principles to her web design.

kellypaa@kellypaalphotography.com

This article was posted on December 14, 2004